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Newly Diagnosed Patients | International Pemphigus Pemphigoid Foundation
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Newly Diagnosed Patients

Pemphigus and pemphigoid are NOT contagious. Not by blood. Not by fluids. Not by anything. Pemphigus and pemphigoid are not genetic.

Pemphigus and pemphigoid are rare, autoimmune diseases that affect a very small percentage of the population. There are many different autoimmune diseases, and they can each affect the body in different ways. Pemphigus vulgaris, the most common of the pemphigus diseases, affects the skin and mucous membranes.

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Blistering may be accompanied by severe pain, itching, burning, and stinging. If extensive, blistering can lead to life-threatening fluid loss, infection, and disfigurement. PV can also cause significant damage to the skin, including nail loss and pigmentary alteration, making timeliness of intervention and treatment essential to prevention of disability.

Pemphigus and pemphigoid are chronic illnesses that, with rare exception, do not improve without active treatment. Treatment approaches include a control phase and then a maintenance phase, with the possibility of complete remission or disease relapse (flare).

Pemphigus and pemphigoid patients are normal, everyday people and can live normal, everyday lives. it takes time, treatment, and perseverance, but it is possible.

Most Common Types

This information is used courtesy of Dr. Kristine Krafts at the University of Minnesota School of Medicine. http://www.pathologystudent.com/?p=3566.

Pemphigus vulgaris

“Pemphigus” is used in a very specific way to describe blistering disorders caused by autoantibodies against some part of the epidermis, which lead to disruption of the intercellular junctions (and hence bullae). Pemphigus vulgaris, not surprisingly, is the most common type of pemphigus (“vulgar-” comes from the Latin vulgaris, meaning the general public). It occurs primarily in adults between the ages of 30 and 60, and is characterized by big, flaccid bullae that burst easily (in most patients, you’ll see more ruptured, scab-covered bullae than intact ones). Patients often present first with oral bullae and ulcerations, and later develop bullae on the skin.

In this disease, patients have autoantibodies against desmogleins, which disrupt the connections between the squamous cells of the epidermis and cause very superficial, intraepidermal, fragile bullae. If you do immunofluorescence on the skin, you’ll see a kind of outlining of each individual epidermal cell (because there are autoantibodies bound to the junctions between the cells). Treatment consists of immunosuppressive agents; prognosis is variable, but many patients have a higher than normal mortality rate.

Bullous pemphigoid

This disease is called pemphigoid rather than pemphigus. It looks like pemphigus but really isn’t! Pemphigus is characterized by autoantibodies against the connections between epidermal cells. In bullous pemphigoid, patients have autoantibodies – but they are against the basement membrane of the epidermis, not against epidermal cell junctions. This means that the bullae are actually subepidermal, so they are less fragile than those of pemphigus vulgaris (if you see a patient with bullous pemphigoid, you’ll see lots of intact, tense bullae, rather than a bunch of ruptured bullae covered with scabs). The immunofluorescence pattern is correspondingly different – you’ll see just a line at the base of the epidermis (rather than the lace-like outlining of epidermal cells you see in pemphigus vulgaris).

Patients with bullous pemphigoid are generally elderly, and the clinical presentation varies a lot (but usually it doesn’t start in the mouth, like pemphigus vulgaris). It’s a less serious disease, usually, since the bullae often don’t rupture (so there’s less chance of infection and scarring).

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